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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 272-284.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00054

• • 上一篇    

蒙古高原地下水储量和影响因素

周梦瑶1(), 辛智鸣2, 程一本1()   

  1. 1.北京林业大学 水土保持学院,北京 100083
    2.中国林业科学研究院 沙漠林业实验中心,内蒙古 磴口 015200
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-04 修回日期:2025-03-20 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 程一本
  • 作者简介:周梦瑶(2002—),女,山西人,硕士研究生,主要从事荒漠化防治研究。E-mail: jk9410240112@163.com.
  • 基金资助:
    生态光伏植被配置模式与修复技术研究项目(AMKJ2023-17);内蒙古自治区气象局项目(nmqxywpt202412);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF130420103);生态保护带人工防护林结构近自然改造与水土保持功能提升技术与示范项目(2023YFF1305201);北京林业大学热点追踪项目援蒙“种植十亿棵树”计划暨中蒙荒漠化合作项目(2023BLRD04)

Groundwater storage changes and influencing factors in the Mongolian Plateau

Mengyao Zhou1(), Zhiming Xin2, Yiben Cheng1()   

  1. 1.College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
    2.Desert Forestry Experimental Center,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Dengkou 015200,Inner Mongolia,China
  • Received:2024-11-04 Revised:2025-03-20 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-08-18
  • Contact: Yiben Cheng

摘要:

研究蒙古高原地下水依赖型生态系统的水资源和植被动态变化,对蒙古高原水资源可持续利用具有重要的科学意义。以蒙古高原为研究区域,基于GRACE重力卫星计算蒙古高原地下水储量变化,采用Sen斜率估计、M-K趋势检验和皮尔逊相关系数计算方法,分析2002—2021年地下水储量变化趋势及与NDVI、降水、蒸散发之间的关系。结果表明:(1)蒙古高原地下水储量时间上整体呈下降趋势,且下降速度逐渐加大;空间上北部以及中部地下水储量轻微下降,西部与南部降低较多,地下水储量变化速率为-3.28 mm·a-1,且内蒙古地下水下降速率大于蒙古国。(2)蒙古高原NDVI与地下水储量具有相关性,在蒙古高原北部以及东南部,NDVI与地下水储量负相关,显著负相关区域仅占1.39%;在中部正相关,呈显著正相关的区域占9.33%。(3)蒙古高原降水与地下水储量具有相关性,西南部降水与地下水储量正相关,显著正相关区域占5.41%;在东部和西北部负相关,显著负相关的区域占3.36%。(4)蒙古高原蒸散发是影响地下水储量变化的关键因素,蒸散发对地下水储量变化有显著影响,在蒙古高原东北部,显著正相关的区域占2.87%;在西北部与东南部呈负相关,显著负相关的区域占3.95%。未来应增加蒙古国植被覆盖面积,并适度减少内蒙古植被增加速率。

关键词: 蒙古高原, 荒漠化防治, GRACE卫星, 地下水, 地下水依赖型生态系统

Abstract:

The study of water resources and vegetation dynamics in groundwater-dependent ecosystems on the Mongolian Plateau is of great scientific significance for the sustainable utilization of water resources on the Mongolian Plateau. In this study, we used the Mongolian Plateau as the study area, calculated the changes of groundwater reserves on the Mongolian Plateau based on the GRACE gravity satellite, and analyzed the trends of groundwater reserves and their relationships with NDVI, precipitation, and evapotranspiration from 2002 to 2021 by using the Sen slope estimation, the M-K trend test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient calculation method. The results show that:(1) the groundwater storage in the Mongolian Plateau shows an overall decreasing trend in time, and the rate of decrease gradually accelerates; spatially, the groundwater storage in the north and the central part of the Plateau slightly decreases, while in the west and the south it decreases more, and the rate of change of the groundwater storage is -347.38 mm·a-1, and the rate of decrease of the groundwater in Inner Mongolia is larger than that in Mongolia. (2) The changes in NDVI and groundwater reserves on the Mongolian Plateau are correlated. In the northern and southeastern parts of the Plateau, NDVI and groundwater reserves are negatively correlated, with a significant negative correlation accounting for only 1.39% of the total; in the central part of the Plateau, there is a positive correlation, with a significant positive correlation accounting for 9.33% of the total. (3) Precipitation and groundwater storage changes are correlated on the Mongolian Plateau. In the southwestern part of the Plateau, there is a positive correlation between precipitation and groundwater storage changes, with a significant positive correlation accounting for 5.41% of the area; in the eastern and northwestern parts of the Plateau, there is a negative correlation, with a significant negative correlation accounting for 3.36% of the area. (4) The evapotranspiration on the Mongolian Plateau is a key factor affecting the change of groundwater storage, and the evapotranspiration has a significant effect on the change of groundwater storage. In the northeast of the Mongolian Plateau, the significant positive correlation accounts for 2.87% of the area, and the negative correlation between the northwest and the southeast, and the significant negative correlation accounts for 3.95% of the area. In the future, the area covered by vegetation in Mongolia should be increased and the rate of vegetation increase in Inner Mongolia should be reduced moderately. The study reveals the spatial and temporal variations of groundwater storage on the Mongolian Plateau, and its correlation with the influencing factors. It provides data support for ecological restoration of the Mongolian Plateau.

Key words: Mongolian Plateau, desertification control, GRACE satellite, groundwater, groundwater-dependent ecosystems

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